Accessing web-based fragments for display

ABSTRACT

Methods and systems are disclosed for presenting profile pages. For example, a messaging application implemented on a client device receives a request to access a page of the messaging application and identifies a first web-based application that is linked to the page of the messaging application. The messaging application obtains a first application fragment corresponding to the first web-based application and identifies a data field of the first application fragment that corresponds to information being presented on the page of the messaging application. The messaging application populates the data field of the first application fragment by sending a message from the messaging application to the first web-based application. The messaging application adds, to the page of the messaging application, a visual representation of the first application fragment comprising the populated data field.

CLAIM OF PRIORITY

This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 63/273,437, filed on Oct. 29, 2021, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates generally to presenting content obtained from web-based applications using a messaging application.

BACKGROUND

As the popularity of social networking grows, social networks are expanding their capabilities. To improve ease of use, social networks are integrating more and more functions such that a user may accomplish many or even most of their computer-based tasks within the social network itself.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

In the drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, like numerals may describe similar components in different views. To easily identify the discussion of any particular element or act, the most significant digit or digits in a reference number refer to the figure number in which that element is first introduced. Some nonlimiting examples are illustrated in the figures of the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of a networked environment in which the present disclosure may be deployed, in accordance with some examples.

FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic representation of a messaging client application, in accordance with some examples.

FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic representation of a data structure as maintained in a database, in accordance with some examples.

FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic representation of a message, in accordance with some examples.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an example web-based application fragment system, according to some examples.

FIGS. 6, 7, and 8 are diagrammatic representations of outputs of the web-based application fragment system, in accordance with some examples.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating example operations of the web-based application fragment system, in accordance with some examples.

FIG. 10 is a diagrammatic representation of a machine in the form of a computer system within which a set of instructions may be executed for causing the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein, in accordance with some examples.

FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a software architecture within which examples may be implemented.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The description that follows includes systems, methods, techniques, instruction sequences, and computing machine program products that embody illustrative examples of the disclosure. In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide an understanding of various examples. It will be evident, however, to those skilled in the art, that examples may be practiced without these specific details. In general, well-known instruction instances, protocols, structures, and techniques are not necessarily shown in detail.

Typically, messaging applications allow users to access various web-based applications to obtain a variety of information or play games. For example, a messaging application can launch a reservation web-based application to enable a user to view, access, or make reservations at different restaurants. As another example, a messaging application can launch a fitness web-based application to enable a user to track various fitness information. Each different web-based application can provide access to different types of information and tools.

In many cases, a variety of different web-based applications can be associated with a common goal of a user or have certain aspects in common. Namely, a user can access a profile page of a restaurant and may desire to view a menu of the restaurant and make reservations at the restaurant. However, to access the menu of the restaurant, the typical messaging application has to launch a separate display of a first web-based application that provides access to restaurant menus. After launching that separate display, a user has to manually search for the restaurant corresponding to the profile page that was previously displayed to access the restaurant menu. Also, to make reservations at the restaurant, the user has to return back to the profile page of the restaurant and then separately launch a second web-based application that provides access to a restaurant reservations system, Again, within that page, the user has to search for the restaurant of interest to make the reservations at the restaurant. This navigation through multiple pages of information is tedious and time consuming which takes away from the overall appeal of using the messaging applications. Also, launching separate web-based applications to accomplish certain unique tasks each time consumes a great deal of resources.

The disclosed techniques improve the efficiency of using the electronic device by generating templates for different pages of a messaging application and associating one or more application fragments with each template. The associated application fragments correspond to unique and specific information provided by different respective web-based applications. The unique and specific information pertains to the common goal or the common aspects of a current page of the messaging application that is being displayed. The disclosed examples obtain the unique and specific information from the different respective web-based applications associated with a given page being viewed and render a display of visual representations of the obtained unique and specific information in the one or more application fragments that are associated with the page. In some cases, the disclosed examples access a list of previously registered web-based applications that are associated with a user profile and retrieve the unique and specific information for a subset of the web-based applications that are determined to be previously associated with the user profile and that correspond to the template of the page of the messaging application being viewed.

In this way, the disclosed examples can provide access to a collection of information from different web-based applications in a common page of the messaging application. For example, the disclosed examples can provide information, in the same page of a given restaurant, about available reservations time slots (obtained from a first web-based application corresponding to restaurant reservations) together with menu information for the given restaurant (obtained from a second web-based application corresponding to restaurant menus). By automatically obtaining contextually relevant information for a given page of the messaging application (e.g., a venue profile) from various web-based applications, the messaging applications avoid the need to have the user navigate through multiple pages of information and launch multiple full scale web-based applications separately to access such contextually relevant information for the given page of the messaging application. This reduces the overall amount of resources and increases the overall appeal of using the messaging application.

Networked Computing Environment

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example messaging system 100 for exchanging data (e.g., messages and associated content) over a network. The messaging system 100 includes multiple instances of a client device 102, each of which hosts a number of applications, including a messaging client 104 and other external applications 109 (e.g., third-party applications). Each messaging client 104 is communicatively coupled to other instances of the messaging client 104 (e.g., hosted on respective other client devices 102), a messaging server system 108 and external app(s) servers 110 via a network 112 (e.g., the Internet). A messaging client 104 can also communicate with locally-hosted third-party applications, such as external apps 109 using Application Programming Interfaces (APIs).

A messaging client 104 is able to communicate and exchange data with other messaging clients 104 and with the messaging server system 108 via the network 112. The data exchanged between messaging clients 104, and between a messaging client 104 and the messaging server system 108, includes functions (e.g., commands to invoke functions) as well as payload data (e.g., text, audio, video or other multimedia data).

The messaging server system 108 provides server-side functionality via the network 112 to a particular messaging client 104. While certain functions of the messaging system 100 are described herein as being performed by either a messaging client 104 or by the messaging server system 108, the location of certain functionality either within the messaging client 104 or the messaging server system 108 may be a design choice. For example, it may be technically preferable to initially deploy certain technology and functionality within the messaging server system 108 but to later migrate this technology and functionality to the messaging client 104 where a client device 102 has sufficient processing capacity.

The messaging server system 108 supports various services and operations that are provided to the messaging client 104. Such operations include transmitting data to, receiving data from, and processing data generated by the messaging client 104. This data may include message content, client device information, geolocation information, media augmentation and overlays, message content persistence conditions, social network information, and live event information, as examples. Data exchanges within the messaging system 100 are invoked and controlled through functions available via user interfaces of the messaging client 104.

Turning now specifically to the messaging server system 108, an API server 116 is coupled to, and provides a programmatic interface to, application servers 114. The application servers 114 are communicatively coupled to a database server 120, which facilitates access to a database 126 that stores data associated with messages processed by the application servers 114. Similarly, a web server 128 is coupled to the application servers 114 and provides web-based interfaces to the application servers 114. To this end, the web server 128 processes incoming network requests over the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and several other related protocols.

The API server 116 receives and transmits message data (e.g., commands and message payloads) between the client device 102 and the application servers 114. Specifically, the API server 116 provides a set of interfaces (e.g., routines and protocols) that can be called or queried by the messaging client 104 in order to invoke functionality of the application servers 114. The API server 116 exposes various functions supported by the application servers 114, including account registration; login functionality; the sending of messages, via the application servers 114, from a particular messaging client 104 to another messaging client 104; the sending of media files (e.g., images or video) from a messaging client 104 to a messaging server 118, and for possible access by another messaging client 104; the settings of a collection of media data (e.g., story); the retrieval of a list of friends of a user of a client device 102; the retrieval of such collections; the retrieval of messages and content; the addition and deletion of entities (e.g., friends) to an entity graph (e.g., a social graph); the location of friends within a social graph; and opening an application event (e.g., relating to the messaging client 104).

The application servers 114 host a number of server applications and subsystems, including, for example, a messaging server 118, an image processing server 122, and a social network server 124. The messaging server 118 implements a number of message processing technologies and functions, particularly related to the aggregation and other processing of content (e.g., textual and multimedia content) included in messages received from multiple instances of the messaging client 104. As will be described in further detail, the text and media content from multiple sources may be aggregated into collections of content (e.g., called stories or galleries). These collections are then made available to the messaging client 104. Other processor- and memory-intensive processing of data may also be performed server-side by the messaging server 118, in view of the hardware requirements for such processing.

The application servers 114 also include an image processing server 122 that is dedicated to performing various image processing operations, typically with respect to images or video within the payload of a message sent from or received at the messaging server 118.

Image processing server 122 is used to implement scan functionality of the augmentation system 208 (shown in FIG. 2 ). Scan functionality includes activating and providing one or more augmented reality (AR) experiences on a client device 102 when an image is captured by the client device 102. Specifically, the messaging client 104 on the client device 102 can be used to activate a camera. The camera displays one or more real-time images or a video to a user along with one or more icons, markers or identifiers of one or more AR experiences. The user can select a given one of the identifiers to launch the corresponding AR experience or perform a desired image modification. The image processing server 122 can receive a video and/or one or more images captured by the client device 102. The image processing server 122 can perform feature analysis and object recognition on the received video and/or one or more images to identify and detect one or more real-world objects that are depicted in the received video and/or images. The image processing server 122 can access features and/or attributes of each real-world object that is detected from a database or by searching the Internet. In response to detecting the real-world objects, the image processing server 122 can generate a list of identifiers of real-world objects being depicted in the video and/or images and can associate the one or more attributes or features with each object in the list.

The social network server 124 supports various social networking functions and services and makes these functions and services available to the messaging server 118. To this end, the social network server 124 maintains and accesses an entity graph 308 (as shown in FIG. 3 ) within the database 126. Examples of functions and services supported by the social network server 124 include the identification of other users of the messaging system 100 with which a particular user has relationships or is “following,” and also the identification of other entities and interests of a particular user.

Returning to the messaging client 104, features and functions of an external resource (e.g., a third-party application 109 or applet) are made available to a user via an interface of the messaging client 104. The messaging client 104 receives a user selection of an option to launch or access features of an external resource (e.g., a third-party resource), such as external apps 109. The external resource may be a third-party application (external apps 109) installed on the client device 102 (e.g., a “native app”) or a small-scale version of the third-party application (e.g., an “applet”) that is hosted on the client device 102 or remote of the client device 102 (e.g., on third-party servers 110). The small-scale version of the third-party application includes a subset of features and functions of the third-party application (e.g., the full-scale, native version of the third-party standalone application) and is implemented using a markup-language document. In one example, the small-scale version of the third-party application (e.g., an “applet”) is a web-based, markup-language version of the third-party application (e.g., web-based application) and is embedded in the messaging client 104. In addition to using markup-language documents (e.g., a .*ml file), an applet may incorporate a scripting language (e.g., a .*js file or a .json file) and a style sheet (e.g., a .*ss file).

In some implementations, some of the web-based applications include, are associated with, and/or provide web-based application fragments, Web-based application fragments define one or more visual elements, such as icons, markers, or menus that include data fields. The data fields are used to represent content obtained from the corresponding web-based applications based on the contextual placement (e.g., a page of the messaging client 104 that includes the visual elements) of the web-based application fragments. Namely, the web-based applications can provide visual elements that are configured with and associated with instructions for retrieving specified content from the web-based applications. The visual elements with the instructions are used to define and generate web-based application fragments. The web-based application fragments can, in this way, provide information associated with a certain feature of many features available on the corresponding web-based application.

In an example, a first web-based application corresponding to restaurant reservations can include many different features. Such features include searching for restaurants, reading reviews about the restaurants, viewing menus, and making reservations at the restaurants. The first web-based application can generate or provide a first web-based application fragment that includes a data field representing only one or more particular features of the many different features. For example, the first web-based application fragment can be an icon or marker with a data field that represents reservation times or any other of the many different features of the first web-based application. When placed within a given page of the messaging client 104, such as a venue profile page, the first web-based application fragment can be used to retrieve and provide available reservation times for the restaurant represented by the venue profile page being viewed. Namely, the venue profile page can include a venue template that identifies a visual type of the first web-based application fragment and a display location within the venue profile page, The messaging client 104 can determine that the first web-based application fragment included in the venue template includes a data field (e.g., corresponding to reservations). The messaging client 104 can obtain instructions from the first web-based application fragment that identify the corresponding first web-based application and that specify one or more attributes of the venue profile page being viewed. The one or more attributes may be needed to populate the data field.

In an example, the messaging client 104 generates a communication or message that includes the one or more attributes (e.g., the name of the restaurant and the current time and location) and that includes a request for available reservation times corresponding to the data field. The messaging client 104 transmits the communication or message to the first web-based application. The first web-based application (without being navigated to or launched) searches for the restaurants matching the one or more attributes and retrieves the available reservation times (e.g., the data field). The first web-based application generates a message or communication with the requested data field (e.g., the available reservation times). The first web-based application transmits the message or communication back to the messaging client 104, The messaging client 104 populates the data field of the first web-based application fragment to generate the visual identifier of the first web-based application fragment that includes the content obtained from the first web-based application based on the current context being displayed by the messaging client 104.

The messaging client 104 can determine that the venue profile template of the current venue profile page being viewed is also associated with a second web-based application fragment. The second web-based application fragment can be associated with a second web-based application. The second web-based application can correspond to restaurant reviews and can include many different features. Such features include searching for restaurants, restaurant reviews, viewing menus, and making reservations at the restaurants. The second web-based application can generate or provide a second web-based application fragment that includes a data field representing only one or more particular features of the many different features, For example, the second web-based application fragment can be an icon or marker with a data field that represents reviews for a restaurant. When placed within a given page of the messaging client 104, such as a venue profile page, the second web-based application fragment can be used to retrieve and provide available reviews for the restaurant represented by the venue profile page being viewed.

In an example, the messaging client 104 can determine that the second web-based application fragment included in the venue template includes a data field (e.g., corresponding to reviews). The messaging client 104 can obtain instructions from the second web-based application fragment that identify the corresponding second web-based application and that specify one or more attributes of the venue profile page being viewed. The one or more attributes may be needed to populate the data field.

The messaging client 104 generates a communication or message that includes the one or more attributes (e.g., the name of the restaurant and location) and that includes a request for available reviews corresponding to the data field. The messaging client 104 transmits the communication or message to the second web-based application, The second web-based application (without being navigated to or launched) searches for the restaurants matching the one or more attributes and retrieves the available reviews (e.g., the data field). The second web-based application generates a message or communication with the requested data field (e.g., the available reviews). The second web-based application transmits the message or communication back to the messaging client 104. The messaging client 104 populates the data field of the second web-based application fragment to generate a second visual identifier of the second web-based application fragment that includes the content obtained from the second web-based application based on the current context being displayed by the messaging client 104.

The messaging client 104 can present the second visual identifier of the second web-based application fragment (corresponding to restaurant reviews) together with or separate from the visual identifier of the first web-based application fragment (corresponding to reservation times), The visual identifiers can be selected to launch the respective web-based application and specifically to present the feature corresponding to the web-based application fragment in a new page of the web-based application. In an implementation, the user can navigate to a desired page (e.g., a venue profile page) using the messaging client 104 and the messaging client 104 can automatically present information obtained from different web-based applications on the same venue profile page using respective web-based application fragments. In this way, the messaging client 104 can automatically present information that may be of interest to a user while accessing a given page of the messaging client 104 without having to navigate to respective web-based applications to accomplish a task or access information. Namely, the user may not need to access and launch the restaurant reservations first web-based application while viewing a venue profile page for the restaurant in order to access reservation times as this information is immediately available on the same venue profile page of the restaurant through the visual identifier of the first web-based application fragment. Similarly, the user may not need to access and launch the restaurant reviews second web-based application while viewing a venue profile page for the restaurant in order to access reviews as this information is immediately available on the same venue profile page of the restaurant through the visual identifier of the second web-based application fragment. This exposes the user to a multitude of information from many different sources on the same page which avoids navigating through multiple pages of information and increases the overall efficiency of the device and reduces resource consumption.

In an example, in response to receiving a user selection of the option to launch or access features of the external resource (external app 109), the messaging client 104 determines whether the selected external resource is a web-based external resource or a locally-installed external application. In some cases, external applications 109 that are locally installed on the client device 102 can be launched independently of and separately from the messaging client 104, such as by selecting an icon or marker, corresponding to the external application 109, on a home screen of the client device 102. Small-scale versions of such external applications can be launched or accessed via the messaging client 104 and, in some examples, no or limited portions of the small-scale external application can be accessed outside of the messaging client 104. The small-scale external application (web-based applications) can be launched by the messaging client 104 receiving, from an external app(s) server 110, a markup-language document associated with the small-scale external application and processing such a document. These small-scale external applications can provide small-scale external application fragments similar to the web-based application fragments, discussed above and below.

In response to determining that the external resource is a locally-installed external application 109, the messaging client 104 instructs the client device 102 to launch the external application 109 by executing locally-stored code corresponding to the external application 109. In response to determining that the external resource is a web-based resource, the messaging client 104 communicates with the external app(s) servers 110 to obtain a markup-language document corresponding to the selected resource. The messaging client 104 then processes the obtained markup-language document to present the web-based external resource within a user interface of the messaging client 104. In some cases, rather than launching the full scale web-based resource, the messaging client 104 can use the application fragment associated with the full scale web-based resource to access and obtain information corresponding to one or more features of the web-based resource. This information can then be represented in a page of information currently being viewed. In this way, contextually relevant information for a page being viewed can be accessed from and obtained from specific features of the web-based resources without fully launching the web-based resources. Such contextually relevant information can then be represented in respective visual identifiers of fragments of the web-based resources.

The messaging client 104 can notify a user of the client device 102, or other users related to such a user (e.g., “friends”), of activity taking place in one or more external resources. For example, the messaging client 104 can provide participants in a conversation (e.g., a chat session) in the messaging client 104 with notifications relating to the current or recent use of an external resource by one or more members of a group of users. One or more users can be invited to join in an active external resource or to launch a recently-used but currently inactive (in the group of friends) external resource. The external resource can provide participants in a conversation, each using a respective messaging client 104, with the ability to share an item, status, state, or location in an external resource with one or more members of a group of users into a chat session. The shared item may be an interactive chat card with which members of the chat can interact, for example, to launch the corresponding external resource, view specific information within the external resource, or take the member of the chat to a specific location or state within the external resource. Within a given external resource, response messages can be sent to users on the messaging client 104. The external resource can selectively include different media items in the responses based on a current context of the external resource.

The messaging client 104 can present a list of the available external resources third-party or external applications 109 or applets) to a user to launch or access a given external resource. This list can be presented in a context-sensitive menu. For example, the icons or markers representing different ones of the external application 109 (or applets) can vary based on how the menu is launched by the user (e.g., from a conversation interface or from a non-conversation interface).

System Architecture

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating further details regarding the messaging system 100, according to some examples. Specifically, the messaging system 100 is shown to comprise the messaging client 104 and the application servers 114. The messaging system 100 embodies a number of subsystems, which are supported on the client side by the messaging client 104 and on the sever side by the application servers 114. These subsystems include, for example, an ephemeral timer system 202, a collection management system 204, an augmentation system 208, a map system 210, a game system 212, and an external resource system 220.

The ephemeral timer system 202 is responsible for enforcing the temporary or time-limited access to content by the messaging client 104 and the messaging server 118, The ephemeral timer system 202 incorporates a number of timers that, based on duration and display parameters associated with a message, or collection of messages (e.g., a story), selectively enable access (e.g., for presentation and display) to messages and associated content via the messaging client 104. Further details regarding the operation of the ephemeral timer system 202 are provided below.

The collection management system 204 is responsible for managing sets or collections of media (e.g., collections of text, image video, and audio data). A collection of content (e.g., messages, including images, video, text, and audio) may be organized into an “event gallery” or an “event story.” Such a collection may be made available for a specified time period, such as the duration of an event to which the content relates. For example, content relating to a music concert may be made available as a “story” for the duration of that music concert. The collection management system 204 may also be responsible for publishing an icon that provides notification of the existence of a particular collection to the user interface of the messaging client 104.

The collection management system 204 further includes a curation interface 206 that allows a collection manager to manage and curate a particular collection of content. For example, the curation interface 206 enables an event organizer to curate a collection of content relating to a specific event (e.g., delete inappropriate content or redundant messages). Additionally, the collection management system 204 employs machine vision (or image recognition technology) and content rules to automatically curate a content collection. In certain examples, compensation may be paid to a user for the inclusion of user-generated content into a collection. In such cases, the collection management system 204 operates to automatically make payments to such users for the use of their content.

The augmentation system 208 provides various functions that enable a user to augment (e.g., annotate or otherwise modify or edit) media content associated with a message. For example, the augmentation system 208 provides functions related to the generation and publishing of media overlays for messages processed by the messaging system 100. The augmentation system 208 operatively supplies a media overlay or augmentation (e.g., an image filter) to the messaging client 104 based on a geolocation of the client device 102. In another example, the augmentation system 208 operatively supplies a media overlay to the messaging client 104 based on other information, such as social network information of the user of the client device 102. A media overlay may include audio and visual content and visual effects. Examples of audio and visual content include pictures, texts, logos, animations, and sound effects. An example of a visual effect includes color overlaying. The audio and visual content or the visual effects can be applied to a media content item (e.g., a photo) at the client device 102. For example, the media overlay may include text, a graphical element, or image that can be overlaid on top of a photograph taken by the client device 102. In another example, the media overlay includes an identification of a location overlay (e.g., Venice beach), a name of a live event, or a name of a merchant overlay (e.g., Beach Coffee House). In another example, the augmentation system 208 uses the geolocation of the client device 102 to identify a media overlay that includes the name of a merchant at the geolocation of the client device 102. The media overlay may include other indicia associated with the merchant, The media overlays may be stored in the database 126 and accessed through the database server 120.

In some examples, the augmentation system 208 provides a user-based publication platform that enables users to select a geolocation on a map and upload content associated with the selected geolocation. The user may also specify circumstances under which a particular media overlay should be offered to other users. The augmentation system 208 generates a media overlay that includes the uploaded content and associates the uploaded content with the selected geolocation.

In other examples, the augmentation system 208 provides a merchant-based publication platform that enables merchants to select a particular media overlay associated with a geolocation via a bidding process. For example, the augmentation system 208 associates the media overlay of the highest bidding merchant with a corresponding geolocation for a predefined amount of time. The augmentation system 208 communicates with the image processing server 122 to obtain AR experiences and presents identifiers of such experiences in one or more user interfaces (e.g., as icons over a real-time image or video or as thumbnails or icons in interfaces dedicated for presented identifiers of AR experiences). Once an AR experience is selected, one or more images, videos, or AR graphical elements are retrieved and presented as an overlay on top of the images or video captured by the client device 102. In some cases, the camera is switched to a front-facing view (e.g., the front-facing camera of the client device 102 is activated in response to activation of a particular AR experience) and the images from the front-facing camera of the client device 102 start being displayed on the client device 102 instead of the rear-facing camera of the client device 102. The one or more images, videos, or AR graphical elements are retrieved and presented as an overlay on top of the images that are captured and displayed by the front-facing camera of the client device 102.

In other examples, the augmentation system 208 is able to communicate and exchange data with another augmentation system 208 on another client device 102 and with the server via the network 112. The data exchanged can include a session identifier that identifies the shared AR session, a transformation between a first client device 102 and a second client device 102 (e.g., a plurality of client devices 102 include the first and second devices) that is used to align the shared AR session to a common point of origin, a common coordinate frame, functions (e.g., commands to invoke functions), and other payload data (e.g., text, audio, video, or other multimedia data).

The augmentation system 208 sends the transformation to the second client device 102 so that the second client device 102 can adjust the AR coordinate system based on the transformation. In this way, the first and second client devices 102 synch up their coordinate systems and frames for displaying content in the AR session. Specifically, the augmentation system 208 computes the point of origin of the second client device 102 in the coordinate system of the first client device 102. The augmentation system 208 can then determine an offset in the coordinate system of the second client device 102 based on the position of the point of origin from the perspective of the second client device 102 in the coordinate system of the second client device 102. This offset is used to generate the transformation so that the second client device 102 generates AR content according to a common coordinate system or frame as the first client device 102.

The augmentation system 208 can communicate with the client device 102 to establish individual or shared AR sessions. The augmentation system 208 can also be coupled to the messaging server 118 to establish an electronic group communication session (e.g., group chat, instant messaging) for the client devices 102 in a shared AR session. The electronic group communication session can be associated with a session identifier provided by the client devices 102 to gain access to the electronic group communication session and to the shared AR session. In one example, the client devices 102 first gain access to the electronic group communication session and then obtain the session identifier in the electronic group communication session that allows the client devices 102 to access the shared AR session. In some examples, the client devices 102 are able to access the shared AR session without aid or communication with the augmentation system 208 in the application servers 114.

The map system 210 provides various geographic location functions and supports the presentation of map-based media content and messages by the messaging client 104. For example, the map system 210 enables the display of user icons or avatars (e.g., stored in profile data 316) on a map to indicate a current or past location of “friends” of a user, as well as media content (e.g., collections of messages including photographs and videos) generated by such friends, within the context of a map. For example, a message posted by a user to the messaging system 100 from a specific geographic location may be displayed within the context of a map at that particular location to “friends” of a specific user on a map interface of the messaging client 104. A user can furthermore share his or her location and status information (e.g., using an appropriate status avatar) with other users of the messaging system 100 via the messaging client 104, with this location and status information being similarly displayed within the context of a map interface of the messaging client 104 to selected users.

The game system 212 provides various gaming functions within the context of the messaging client 104. The messaging client 104 provides a game interface providing a list of available games (e.g., web-based games or web-based applications) that can be launched by a user within the context of the messaging client 104 and played with other users of the messaging system 100. The messaging system 100 further enables a particular user to invite other users to participate in the play of a specific game by issuing invitations to such other users from the messaging client 104. The messaging client 104 also supports both voice and text messaging (e.g., chats) within the context of gameplay, provides a leaderboard for the games, and also supports the provision of in-game rewards (e.g., coins and items).

The external resource system 220 provides an interface for the messaging client 104 to communicate with external app(s) servers 110 to launch or access external resources and their associated fragments (e.g., web-based application fragments). Each external resource (apps) server 110 hosts, for example, a markup language (e.g., HTML5) based application or small-scale version of an external application (e.g., game, utility, payment, or ride-sharing application that is external to the messaging client 104), The external resource server 110 can also provide one or more web-based application fragments for each of the external applications. The messaging client 104 may launch a web-based resource (e.g., application) by accessing the HTML5 file from the external resource (apps) servers 110 associated with the web-based resource. In certain examples, applications hosted by external resource servers 110 are programmed in JavaScript leveraging a Software Development Kit (SDK) provided by the messaging server 118. The SDK includes APIs with functions that can be called or invoked by the web-based application. In certain examples, the messaging server 118 includes a JavaScript library that provides a given third-party resource access to certain user data of the messaging client 104. HTML5 is used as an example technology for programming games, but applications and resources programmed based on other technologies can be used.

In order to integrate the functions of the SDK into the web-based resource, the SDK is downloaded by an external resource (apps) server 110 from the messaging server 118 or is otherwise received by the external resource (apps) server 110, Once downloaded or received, the SDK is included as part of the application code of a web-based external resource. The code of the web-based resource can then call or invoke certain functions of the SDK to integrate features of the messaging client 104 into the web-based resource.

The SDK stored on the messaging server 118 effectively provides the bridge between an external resource (e.g., third-party or external applications 109 or applets) and the messaging client 104. This provides the user with a seamless experience of communicating with other users on the messaging client 104, while also preserving the look and feel of the messaging client 104. To bridge communications between an external resource and a messaging client 104, in certain examples, the SDK facilitates communication between external resource servers 110 and the messaging client 104. In certain examples, a WebViewJavaScriptBridge running on a client device 102 establishes two one-way communication channels between an external resource and the messaging client 104. Messages are sent between the external resource and the messaging client 104 via these communication channels asynchronously. Each SDK function invocation is sent as a message and callback Each SDK function is implemented by constructing a unique callback identifier and sending a message with that callback identifier.

By using the SDK, not all information from the messaging client 104 is shared with external resource servers 110. The SDK limits which information is shared based on the needs of the external resource. In certain examples, each external resource server 110 provides an HTML5 file corresponding to the web-based external resource to the messaging server 118. The messaging server 118 can add a visual representation (such as a box art or other graphic) of the web-based external resource in the messaging client 104. Once the user selects the visual representation or instructs the messaging client 104 through a graphical user interface of the messaging client 104 to access features of the web-based external resource, the messaging client 104 obtains the HTML5 file and instantiates the resources necessary to access the features of the web-based external resource.

The messaging client 104 presents a graphical user interface (e.g., a landing page or title screen) for an external resource. During, before, or after presenting the landing page or title screen, the messaging client 104 determines whether the launched external resource has been previously authorized to access user data of the messaging client 104 (e.g., whether the external resource is on a list of registered resources with the messaging client 104). In response to determining that the launched external resource has been previously authorized to access user data of the messaging client 104, the messaging client 104 presents another graphical user interface of the external resource that includes functions and features of the external resource. In response to determining that the launched external resource has not been previously authorized to access user data of the messaging client 104, after a threshold period of time (e.g., 3 seconds) of displaying the landing page or title screen of the external resource, the messaging client 104 slides up (e.g., animates a menu as surfacing from a bottom of the screen to a middle of or other portion of the screen) a menu for authorizing the external resource to access the user data. The menu identifies the type of user data that the external resource will be authorized to use. In response to receiving a user selection of an accept option, the messaging client 104 adds the external resource to a list of authorized external resources and allows the external resource to access user data from the messaging client 104. In some examples, the external resource is authorized by the messaging client 104 to access the user data in accordance with an OAuth 2 framework.

The messaging client 104 controls the type of user data that is shared with external resources based on the type of external resource being authorized. For example, external resources that include full-scale external applications (e.g., a third-party or external application 109) are provided with access to a first type of user data (e.g., only two-dimensional (2D) avatars of users with or without different avatar characteristics). As another example, external resources that include small-scale versions of external applications (e.g., web-based versions of third-party applications) are provided with access to a second type of user data (e.g., payment information, 2D avatars of users, three-dimensional (3D) avatars of users, and avatars with various avatar characteristics). Avatar characteristics include different ways to customize a look and feel of an avatar, such as different poses, facial features, clothing, and so forth.

A web-based application fragment system 224 presents a page of the messaging client 104 and one or more visual identifiers of web-based application fragments associated with the presented page. The web-based application fragment system 224 communicates with the external resource system 220 to populate data fields of the web-based application fragments associated with a page being presented. The web-based application fragment system 224 then adds the visual identifier representing the populated data field to the page being presented. An illustrative implementation of the web-based application fragment system 224 is shown and described in connection with FIG. 5 below.

Data Architecture

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating data structures 300, which may be stored in the database 126 of the messaging server system 108, according to certain examples. While the content of the database 126 is shown to comprise a number of tables, it will be appreciated that the data could be stored in other types of data structures (e.g., as an object-oriented database).

The database 126 includes message data stored within a message table 302. This message data includes, for any particular one message, at least message sender data, message recipient (or receiver) data, and a payload. Further details regarding information that may be included in a message, and included within the message data stored in the message table 302, are described below with reference to FIG. 4 .

An entity table 306 stores entity data, and is linked (e.g., referentially) to an entity graph 308 and profile data 316. Entities for which records are maintained within the entity table 306 may include individuals, corporate entities, organizations, objects, places, events, and so forth. Regardless of entity type, any entity regarding which the messaging server system 108 stores data may be a recognized entity, Each entity is provided with a unique identifier, as well as an entity type identifier (not shown).

The entity graph 308 stores information regarding relationships and associations between entities. Such relationships may be social, professional (e.g., work at a common corporation or organization), interested-based, or activity-based, merely for example.

The profile data 316 stores multiple types of profile data about a particular entity. The profile data 316 may be selectively used and presented to other users of the messaging system 100, based on privacy settings specified by a particular entity. Where the entity is an individual, the profile data 316 includes, for example, a user name, telephone number, address, and settings (e.g., notification and privacy settings), as well as a user-selected avatar representation (or collection of such avatar representations). A particular user may then selectively include one or more of these avatar representations within the content of messages communicated via the messaging system 100 and on map interfaces displayed by messaging clients 104 to other users. The collection of avatar representations may include “status avatars,” which present a graphical representation of a status or activity that the user may select to communicate at a particular time.

Where the entity is a group, the profile data 316 for the group may similarly include one or more avatar representations associated with the group, in addition to the group name, members, and various settings (e.g., notifications) for the relevant group.

The database 126 also stores augmentation data, such as overlays or filters, in an augmentation table 310. The augmentation data is associated with and applied to videos (for which data is stored in a video table 304) and images (for which data is stored in an image table 312).

The database 126 can also store data pertaining to individual and shared AR sessions. This data can include data communicated between an AR session client controller of a first client device 102 and another AR session client controller of a second client device 102, and data communicated between the AR session client controller and the augmentation system 208. Data can include data used to establish the common coordinate frame of the shared AR scene, the transformation between the devices, the session identifier, images depicting a body, skeletal joint positions, wrist joint positions, feet, and so forth.

Filters, in one example, are overlays that are displayed as overlaid on an image or video during presentation to a recipient user. Filters may be of various types, including user-selected filters from a set of filters presented to a sending user by the messaging client 104 when the sending user is composing a message. Other types of filters include geolocation filters (also known as geo-filters), which may be presented to a sending user based on geographic location. For example, geolocation filters specific to a neighborhood or special location may be presented within a user interface by the messaging client 104, based on geolocation information determined by a Global Positioning System (GPS) unit of the client device 102.

Another type of filter is a data filter, which may be selectively presented to a sending user by the messaging client 104, based on other inputs or information gathered by the client device 102 during the message creation process. Examples of data filters include current temperature at a specific location, a current speed at which a sending user is traveling, battery life for a client device 102, or the current time.

Other augmentation data that may be stored within the image table 312 includes AR content items (e.g., corresponding to applying AR experiences). An AR content item or AR item may be a real-time special effect and sound that may be added to an image or a video.

As described above, augmentation data includes AR content items, overlays, image transformations, AR images, AR logos or emblems, and similar terms that refer to modifications that may be applied to image data (e.g., videos or images). This includes real-time modifications, which modify an image as it is captured using device sensors (e.g., one or multiple cameras) of a client device 102 and then displayed on a screen of the client device 102 with the modifications. This also includes modifications to stored content, such as video clips in a gallery that may be modified. For example, in a client device 102 with access to multiple AR content items, a user can use a single video clip with multiple AR content items to see how the different AR content items will modify the stored clip. For example, multiple AR content items that apply different pseudorandom movement models can be applied to the same content by selecting different AR content items for the content. Similarly, real-time video capture may be used with an illustrated modification to show how video images currently being captured by sensors of a client device 102 would modify the captured data. Such data may simply be displayed on the screen and not stored in memory, or the content captured by the device sensors may be recorded and stored in memory with or without the modifications (or both). In some systems, a preview feature can show how different AR content items will look within different windows in a display at the same time. This can, for example, enable multiple windows with different pseudorandom animations to be viewed on a display at the same time.

Data and various systems using AR content items or other such transform systems to modify content using this data can thus involve detection of objects (e.g., faces, hands, bodies, cats, dogs, surfaces, objects, etc. tracking of such objects as they leave, enter, and move around the field of view in video frames, and the modification or transformation of such objects as they are tracked. In various examples, different methods for achieving such transformations may be used. Some examples may involve generating a 3D mesh model of the object or objects and using transformations and animated textures of the model within the video to achieve the transformation. In other examples, tracking of points on an object may be used to place an image or texture (which may be 2D or 3D) at the tracked position. In still further examples, neural network analysis of video frames may be used to place images, models, or textures in content (e.g., images or frames of video). AR content items thus refer both to the images, models, and textures used to create transformations in content, as well as to additional modeling and analysis information needed to achieve such transformations with object detection, tracking, and placement.

Real-time video processing can be performed with any kind of video data (e.g., video streams, video files, etc.) saved in a memory of a computerized system of any kind. For example, a user can load video files and save them in a memory of a device or can generate a video stream using sensors of the device. Additionally, any objects can be processed using a computer animation model, such as a human's face and parts of a human body, animals, or non-living things such as chairs, cars, or other objects.

In some examples, when a particular modification is selected along with content to be transformed, elements to be transformed are identified by the computing device and then detected and tracked if they are present in the frames of the video. The elements of the object are modified according to the request for modification, thus transforming the frames of the video stream. Transformation of frames of a video stream can be performed by different methods for different kinds of transformation. For example, for transformations of frames mostly referring to changing forms of an object's elements, characteristic points for each element of an object are calculated (e.g., using an Active Shape Model (ASM) or other known methods). Then, a mesh based on the characteristic points is generated for each of the at least one element of the object. This mesh is used in the following stage of tracking the elements of the object in the video stream. In the process of tracking, the mentioned mesh for each element is aligned with a position of each element. Then, additional points are generated on the mesh. A first set of first points is generated for each element based on a request for modification, and a set of second points is generated for each element based on the set of first points and the request for modification. Then, the frames of the video stream can be transformed by modifying the elements of the object on the basis of the sets of first and second points and the mesh. In such method, a background of the modified object can be changed or distorted as well by tracking and modifying the background.

In some examples, transformations changing some areas of an object using its elements can be performed by calculating characteristic points for each element of an object and generating a mesh based on the calculated characteristic points. Points are generated on the mesh and then various areas based on the points are generated. The elements of the object are then tracked by aligning the area for each element with a position for each of the at least one elements, and properties of the areas can be modified based on the request for modification, thus transforming the frames of the video stream. Depending on the specific request for modification, properties of the mentioned areas can be transformed in different ways. Such modifications may involve changing color of areas; removing at least some part of areas from the frames of the video stream; including one or more new objects into areas which are based on a request for modification; and modifying or distorting the elements of an area or object. In various examples, any combination of such modifications or other similar modifications may be used. For certain models to be animated, some characteristic points can be selected as control points to be used in determining the entire state-space of options for the model animation.

In some examples of a computer animation model to transform image data using face detection, the face is detected on an image with use of a specific face detection algorithm (e.g., Viola-Jones). Then, an ASM algorithm is applied to the face region of an image to detect facial feature reference points.

Other methods and algorithms suitable for face detection can be used. For example, in some examples, features are located using a landmark, which represents a distinguishable point present in most of the images under consideration. For facial landmarks, for example, the location of the left eye pupil may be used. If an initial landmark is not identifiable (e.g., if a person has an eyepatch), secondary landmarks may be used. Such landmark identification procedures may be used for any such objects. In some examples, a set of landmarks forms a shape. Shapes can be represented as vectors using the coordinates of the points in the shape. One shape is aligned to another with a similarity transform (allowing translation, scaling, and rotation) that minimizes the average Euclidean distance between shape points, The mean shape is the mean of the aligned training shapes.

In some examples, a search is started for landmarks from the mean shape aligned to the position and size of the face determined by a global face detector. Such a search then repeats the steps of suggesting a tentative shape by adjusting the locations of shape points by template matching of the image texture around each point and then conforming the tentative shape to a global shape model until convergence occurs. In some systems, individual template matches are unreliable, and the shape model pools the results of the weak template matches to form a stronger overall classifier, The entire search is repeated at each level in an image pyramid, from coarse to fine resolution.

A transformation system can capture an image or video stream on a client device (e.g., the client device 102) and perform complex image manipulations locally on the client device 102 while maintaining a suitable user experience, computation time, and power consumption. The complex image manipulations may include size and shape changes, emotion transfers (e.g., changing a face from a frown to a smile), state transfers (e.g., aging a subject, reducing apparent age, changing gender), style transfers, graphical element application, and any other suitable image or video manipulation implemented by a convolutional neural network that has been configured to execute efficiently on the client device 102.

In some examples, a computer animation model to transform image data can be used by a system where a user may capture an image or video stream of the user (e.g., a selfie) using a client device 102 having a neural network operating as part of a messaging client 104 operating on the client device 102. The transformation system operating within the messaging client 104 determines the presence of a face within the image or video stream and provides modification icons associated with a computer animation model to transform image data, or the computer animation model can be present as associated with an interface described herein. The modification icons include changes that may be the basis for modifying the user's face within the image or video stream as part of the modification operation. Once a modification icon is selected, the transformation system initiates a process to convert the image of the user to reflect the selected modification icon (e.g., generate a smiling face on the user). A modified image or video stream may be presented in a graphical user interface displayed on the client device 102 as soon as the image or video stream is captured and a specified modification is selected. The transformation system may implement a complex convolutional neural network on a portion of the image or video stream to generate and apply the selected modification. That is, the user may capture the image or video stream and be presented with a modified result in real-time or near real-time once a modification icon has been selected. Further, the modification may be persistent while the video stream is being captured and the selected modification icon remains toggled. Machine-taught neural networks may be used to enable such modifications.

The graphical user interface, presenting the modification performed by the transformation system, may supply the user with additional interaction options. Such options may be based on the interface used to initiate the content capture and selection of a particular computer animation model (e.g., initiation from a content creator user interface). In various examples, a modification may be persistent after an initial selection of a modification icon. The user may toggle the modification on or off by tapping or otherwise selecting the face being modified by the transformation system and store it for later viewing or browse to other areas of the imaging application. Where multiple faces are modified by the transformation system, the user may toggle the modification on or off globally by tapping or selecting a single face modified and displayed within a graphical user interface. In some examples, individual faces, among a group of multiple faces, may be individually modified, or such modifications may be individually toggled by tapping or selecting the individual face or a series of individual faces displayed within the graphical user interface.

A story table 314 stores data regarding collections of messages and associated image, video, or audio data, which are compiled into a collection (e.g., a story or a gallery). The creation of a particular collection may be initiated by a particular user (e.g., each user for which a record is maintained in the entity table 306). A user may create a “personal story” in the form of a collection of content that has been created and sent/broadcast by that user. To this end, the user interface of the messaging client 104 may include an icon that is user-selectable to enable a sending user to add specific content to his or her personal story.

A collection may also constitute a “live story,” which is a collection of content from multiple users that is created manually, automatically, or using a combination of manual and automatic techniques. For example, a “live story” may constitute a curated stream of user-submitted content from various locations and events. Users whose client devices have location services enabled and are at a common location event at a particular time may, for example, be presented with an option, via a user interface of the messaging client 104, to contribute content to a particular live story. The live story may be identified to the user by the messaging client 104, based on his or her location. The end result is a “live story” told from a community perspective.

A further type of content collection is known as a “location story,” which enables a user whose client device 102 is located within a specific geographic location (e.g., on a college or university campus) to contribute to a particular collection. In some examples, a contribution to a location story may require a second degree of authentication to verify that the end user belongs to a specific organization or other entity (e.g., is a student on the university campus).

As mentioned above, the video table 304 stores video data that, in one example, is associated with messages for which records are maintained within the message table 302. Similarly, the image table 312 stores image data associated with messages for which message data is stored in the entity table 306. The entity table 306 may associate various augmentations from the augmentation table 310 with various images and videos stored in the image table 312 and the video table 304.

Data Communications Architecture

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a structure of a message 400, according to some examples, generated by a messaging client 104 for communication to a further messaging client 104 or the messaging server 118. The content of a particular message 400 is used to populate the message table 302 stored within the database 126, accessible by the messaging server 118. Similarly, the content of a message 400 is stored in memory as “in-transit” or “in-flight” data of the client device 102 or the application servers 114. A message 400 is shown to include the following example components:

-   message identifier 402: a unique identifier that identifies the     message 400. -   message text payload 404: text, to be generated by a user via a user     interface of the client device 102, and that is included in the     message 400. -   message image payload 406: image data, captured by a camera     component of a client device 102 or retrieved from a memory     component of a client device 102, and that is included in the     message 400. Image data for a sent or received message 400 may be     stored in the image table 312. -   message video payload 408: video data, captured by a camera     component or retrieved from a memory component of the client device     102, and that is included in the message 400. Video data for a sent     or received message 400 may be stored in the video table 304. -   message audio payload 410: audio data, captured by a microphone or     retrieved from a memory component of the client device 102, and that     is included in the message 400. -   message augmentation data 412: augmentation data (e.g., filters,     stickers, or other annotations or enhancements) that represents     augmentations to be applied to message image payload 406, message     video payload 408, or message audio payload 410 of the message 400.     Augmentation data for a sent or received message 400 may be stored     in the augmentation table 310. -   message duration parameter 414: parameter value indicating, in     seconds, the amount of time for which content of the message (e.g.,     the message image payload 406, message video payload 408, message     audio payload 410) is to be presented or made accessible to a user     via the messaging client 104. -   message geolocation parameter 416: geolocation data (e.g.,     latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates) associated with the     content payload of the message. Multiple message geolocation     parameter 416 values may be included in the payload, each of these     parameter values being associated with respect to content items     included in the content (e.g., a specific image thin the message     image payload 406, or a specific video in the message video payload     408). -   message story identifier 418: identifier values identifying one or     more content collections (e.g., “stories” identified in the story     table 314) with which a particular content item in the message image     payload 406 of the message 400 is associated. For example, multiple     images within the message image payload 406 may each be associated     with multiple content collections using identifier values. -   message tag 420: each message 400 may be tagged with multiple tags,     each of which is indicative of the subject matter of content     included in the message payload. For example, where a particular     image included in the message image payload 406 depicts an animal     (e.g., a lion), a tag value may be included within the message tag     420 that is indicative of the relevant animal. Tag values may be     generated manually, based on user input, or may be automatically     generated using, for example, image recognition. -   message sender identifier 422: an identifier (e.g., a messaging     system identifier, email address, or device identifier) indicative     of a user of the client device 102 on which the message 400 was     generated and from which the message 400 was sent. -   message receiver identifier 424: an identifier (e.g., a messaging     system identifier, email address, or device identifier) indicative     of a user of the client device 102 to which the message 400 is     addressed.

The contents (e.g., values) of the various components of message 400 may be pointers to locations in tables within which content data values are stored. example, an image value in the message image payload 406 may be a pointer to (or address of) a location within an image table 312. Similarly, values within the message video payload 408 may point to data stored within a video table 304, values stored within the message augmentation data 412 may point to data stored in an augmentation table 310, values stored within the message story identifier 418 may point to data stored in a story table 314, and values stored within the message sender identifier 422 and the message receiver identifier 424 may point to user records stored within an entity table 306.

Web-Based Application Fragment System

FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an example web-based application fragment system 224, according to some examples. Web-based application fragment system 224 includes a set of components that operate on a set of input data. The web-based application fragment system 224 includes a page access module 510, a web-based application module 520, an application fragment selection module 530, and an application fragment display module 540.

The page access module 510 can receive a user input that navigates to a given page of a messaging client 104. For example, a user input can be detected that selects a map option from a user interface. In response, the page access module 510 launches a map feature of the messaging client 104 and presents a map page that depicts a map region corresponding to a current location of the messaging client 104. In one implementation, the page access module 510 obtains a map template corresponding to the map feature and launches the map based on the map template that specifies one or more pieces of information to include on the map (e.g., location of friends or locations of nearby places of business or venues). As another example, a user input can be detected that selects an identifier of a given venue, such as a restaurant, a stadium, theater, a concert hall, a university, point of interest (POI), or any other place of business. In response, the page access module 510 accesses a venue template associated with the given venue and generates for display a venue profile that includes various pieces of information about the venue (e.g., location, map, reviews, tickets, transportation, one or more media items, and so forth).

In some cases, the page access module 510 can determine that the template of the page currently being viewed includes an identifier of one or more web-based application fragments. In response, the page access module 510 identifies the web-based applications corresponding to the web-based application fragments and instructs the web-based application module 520 to obtain parameters for generating the one or more web-based application fragments, In some examples, a first web-based application can provide definitions of various types of web-based application fragments. Each type can include the same or different data fields and can have different visual features. For example, a first type of the web-based application fragment can be a circular icon or marker and a second type of the web-based application fragment can be a box. In one implementation, the first web-based application can select which type of web-based application fragment to provide to the page access module 510. In another implementation, the template of the page can specify a particular type of the web-based application fragment and the page access module 510 obtains the suitable type from the web-based application module 520.

In some examples, the web-based application module 520 provides the various web-based application fragments obtained from the web-based applications (associated with or identified by the page template of the page accessed by the page access module 510) to the application fragment selection module 530. The application fragment selection module 530 can select a subset of application fragments based on a registration status of the user associated with the messaging client 104. For example, the application fragment selection module 530 can obtain a list of previously approved and registered web-based applications. The application fragment selection module 530 can select only those web-based application fragments that correspond to the web-based applications that are on the previously approved list. The application fragment selection module 530 excludes any web-based application fragment from being selected if the corresponding web-based application has not been previously approved by the user (e.g., if the web-based application has not been previously connected to and authorized to share authentication information with the messaging client 104).

As another example, the application fragment selection module 530 can select a subset of application fragments based on a registration status of friends of the user associated with the messaging client 104. For example, the application fragment selection module 530 can obtain a list of previously approved and registered web-based applications of friends of the user. The application fragment selection module 530 can communicate with a server to identify a set of friends of the user and can request from the server a list of web-based applications that each of the friends has previously authorized or registered. The application fragment selection module 530 can select only those web-based application fragments that correspond to the web-based applications that have been previously registered by the friends of the user even including web-based applications which have not been registered by the user. The application fragment selection module 530 excludes any web-based application fragment from being selected if the corresponding web-based application has not been previously approved by the user and has not been previously approved or registered by at least one of the friends of the user (e.g., if the web-based application has not been previously connected to and authorized to share authentication information with the messaging client 104).

The application fragment selection module 530 can then process each obtained application fragment that is selected to identify data fields of each application fragment. For example, the application fragment selection module 530 can identify a first application fragment that corresponds to a first web-based application (e.g., a restaurant reservation application). The application fragment selection module 530 can determine that the first web-based application fragment includes a data field (e.g., corresponding to reservations). The application fragment selection module 530 can obtain instructions from the first application fragment that identify the corresponding first web-based application and that specify one or more attributes of the page being viewed. The one or more attributes may be needed to populate the data field. In the case of a venue profile page being viewed, the one or more attributes can include the restaurant name and location, The application fragment selection module 530 can access metadata associated with the page being viewed to obtain the restaurant name and the location and any other information corresponding to the one or more attributes.

In an example, the application fragment selection module 530 generates a communication or message that includes the one or more attributes (e.g., the name of the restaurant and the current time and location) and that includes a request for available reservation times corresponding to the data field, The application fragment selection module 530 transmits the communication or message to the first web-based application. The first web-based application (without being navigated to or launched) searches for the restaurants matching the one or more attributes and retrieves the available reservation times (e.g., the data field). The first web-based application generates a message or communication with the requested data field (e.g., the available reservation times). The first web-based application transmits the message or communication back to the application fragment selection module 530. The application fragment selection module 530 populates the data field of the first web-based application fragment. In an example, the application fragment selection module 530 provides the information corresponding to the first web-based application fragment to the application fragment display module 540. The application fragment display module 540 generates a visual identifier of the first web-based application fragment (based on the specified type of the visual identifier of the web-based application fragment). The application fragment display module 540 includes, in the visual identifier, the content obtained from the first web-based application based on the current context being displayed by the messaging client 104. The application fragment display module 540 can then render a display of the visual identifier within the page of the messaging client 104 being viewed at a position and placement specified by the template corresponding to the page.

The application fragment selection module 530 can determine that the template of the current page being viewed is also associated with a second web-based application fragment. The second web-based application fragment can be associated with a second web-based application, The second web-based application can correspond to restaurant reviews and can include many different features, In an example, the application fragment selection module 530 can determine that the second web-based application fragment included in the template includes a data field (e.g., corresponding to reviews). The application fragment selection module 530 can obtain instructions from the second web-based application fragment that identify the corresponding second web-based application and that specify one or more attributes of the page being viewed. The one or more attributes may be needed to populate the data field.

The application fragment selection module 530 generates a communication or message that includes the one or more attributes (e.g., the name of the restaurant and location) and that includes a request for available reviews corresponding to the data field. The application fragment selection module 530 transmits the communication or message to the second web-based application. The second web-based application (without being navigated to or launched) searches for the restaurants matching the one or more attributes and retrieves the available reviews (e.g., the data field). The second web-based application generates a message or communication with the requested data field (e.g., the available reviews). The second web-based application transmits the message or communication back to the application fragment selection module 530. The application fragment selection module 530 populates the data field of the second web-based application fragment.

The application fragment selection module 530 provides the second web-based application fragment and the populated data field to the application fragment display module 540. The application fragment display module 540 generate a second visual identifier of the second web-based application fragment that includes the content obtained from the second web-based application based on the current context being displayed by the messaging client 104. The application fragment display module 540 can present the second visual identifier of the second web-based application fragment (corresponding to restaurant reviews) together with or separate from the visual identifier of the first web-based application fragment (corresponding to reservation times).

The application fragment display module 540 can detect input that selects a given one of the visual identifiers. In response, the application fragment display module 540 communicates with the web-based application module 520 to launch the corresponding web-based application in a new page.

FIGS. 6, 7, and 8 are diagrammatic representations of outputs of the web-based application fragment system 224, in accordance with some examples. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 6 , the messaging client 104 receives a user request to navigate to a map page. In response, the messaging client 104 accesses a map template and presents a map interface 600. The map interface 600 includes a map region 610. The map interface 600 can be associated with one or more web-based application fragments. In an example, the map interface 600 can include an identifier of a given web-based application fragment including an indication of a visual indicator or identifier type.

The messaging client 104 can retrieve the identifier of the given web-based application fragment and access the web-based application associated with the web-based application fragment. The messaging client 104 retrieves the web-based application fragment from the corresponding web-based application. The messaging client 104 processes the web-based application fragment to determine that the web-based application fragment includes a given data field. The messaging client 104 can determine that the given data field is associated or needs one or more attributes or parameters of the map interface 600 in order to populate the given data field. For example, the messaging client 104 can determine that the given data field is associated with GPS coordinates attribute. In response, the messaging client 104 sends a message to the web-based application (which can include media items associated with different locations). The message can identify the given data field (e.g., a media item placeholder) and the GPS coordinates attribute along with a request for the information or content corresponding to the given data field. The web-based application can search for one or more media items corresponding to the GPS coordinates attribute and provide a message back to the messaging client 104 with the one or more media items.

The messaging client 104 can populate the given data field with the one or more media items and generate a visual indicator 620 of the given web-based application fragment. The visual indicator 620 can represent the web-based application and the one or more media items (e.g., the populated data field) obtained from the web-based application.

In another example, as shown in FIG. 7 , the messaging client 104 receives a user request to navigate to a map page to show running information. In response, the messaging client 104 accesses a map template and presents a map interface 700. The map interface 700 includes a map region 710. The map interface 700 can be associated with one or more web-based application fragments. In an example, the map interface 700 can include an identifier of a third web-based application fragment including an indication of a visual indicator or identifier type.

The messaging client 104 can retrieve an identifier of a third web-based application fragment and access the third web-based application (e.g., a running application that provides a running path) associated with the third web-based application fragment. The messaging client 104 retrieves the third web-based application fragment from the corresponding web-based application. The messaging client 104 processes the web-based application fragment to determine that the web-based application fragment includes a given data field. The messaging client 104 can determine that the given data field is associated or needs one or more attributes or parameters of the map interface 600 in order to populate the given data field. For example, the messaging client 104 can determine that the given data field is associated with GPS coordinates attribute and current velocity information. In response, the messaging client 104 sends a message to the third web-based application (which can include a jogging application that tracks a running path of a user). The message can identify the given data field (e.g., a running path placeholder) and the GPS coordinates and velocity information attributes along with a request for the information or content corresponding to the given data field. The third web-based application can compute a running path based on the GPS coordinates and velocity information attributes and provide a message back to the messaging client 104 with the running path.

The messaging client 104 can populate the given data field with the running path and generate a visual indicator 720 corresponding to the third web-based application fragment. The visual indicator 720 can represent the third web-based application and the running path (e.g., the populated data field) obtained from the web-based application.

In another example, as shown in FIG. 8 , the messaging client 104 receives a user request to navigate to a venue (e.g., restaurant) page (e.g., venue profile page). In response, the messaging client 104 accesses a venue template and presents a venue interface 800. The venue interface 800 includes a venue profile region 810. The venue profile region 810 includes various information about the venue or restaurant including an address, operating hours, pictures, reviews, and various other content, some of which can be provided by web-based applications and presented as visual indicators of web-based application fragments.

In an example, the venue interface 800 can be associated with a plurality of web-based application fragments (e.g., a food ordering application fragment, a reservation ordering fragment, a transportation fragment, a menu fragment, and/or a reviews fragment). In an implementation, the venue interface 800 can include an identifier of a food ordering application fragment including an indication of a visual indicator or identifier type (e.g., circular icon, marker, rectangular region, or any other visual format for an indicator), The messaging client 104 can retrieve an identifier of a food ordering application fragment and access the food ordering application associated with the food ordering application fragment.

The messaging client 104 retrieves the food ordering application fragment from the corresponding food ordering application. The messaging client 104 processes the food ordering application fragment to determine that the food ordering application fragment includes a given data field. The messaging client 104 can determine that the given data field is associated or needs one or more attributes or parameters of the venue interface 800 in order to populate the given data field. For example, the messaging client 104 can determine that the given data field is associated with a restaurant name and current location of the messaging client 104 attributes. In response, the messaging client 104 sends a message to the food ordering application. The message can identify the given data field (e.g., a time for delivery) and the restaurant name and current location attributes along with a request for the information or content corresponding to the given data field. The food ordering application can compute the time for delivery based on the restaurant name and current location attributes and provide a message back to the messaging client 104 with the computed time.

The messaging client 104 can populate the given data field with the computed time and generate a first visual indicator 820 corresponding to the food ordering application fragment. The visual indicator 820 can represent the food ordering application fragment and the time for delivery (e.g., the populated data field) obtained from the web-based application.

In an implementation, the venue interface 800 can include an identifier of a restaurant reservation application fragment including an indication of a visual indicator or identifier type (e.g., circular icon, marker, rectangular region, or any other visual format for an indicator). The messaging client 104 can retrieve an identifier of a restaurant reservation application fragment and access the restaurant reservation application associated with the restaurant reservation application fragment.

The messaging client 104 retrieves the restaurant reservation application fragment from the corresponding restaurant reservation application. The messaging client 104 processes the restaurant reservation application fragment to determine that the restaurant reservation application fragment includes a given data field. The messaging client 104 can determine that the given data field is associated or needs one or more attributes or parameters of the venue interface 800 in order to populate the given data field. For example, the messaging client 104 can determine that the given data field is associated with a restaurant name and future dining time attributes. In response, the messaging client 104 sends a message to the restaurant reservation application. In an example, the messaging client 104 obtains the restaurant name from metadata associated with the venue interface 800 and requests input from the user to provide the future dining time. The messaging client 104 then provides this information in the sent message. The message can identify the given data. field (e.g., available reservation times) and the restaurant name and future dining time attributes along with a request for the information or content corresponding to the given data field. The restaurant reservation application can determine the availability times for reservations based on the restaurant name and future dining times attributes and provide a message back to the messaging client 104 with the availability times.

The messaging client 104 can populate the given data field with the computed time and generate a second visual indicator 830 corresponding to the restaurant reservation application fragment. The visual indicator 830 can represent the restaurant reservation application fragment and the available reservation times (e.g., the populated data field) obtained from the web-based. application. The second visual indicator 830 can be presented together (e.g., next to) the first visual indicator 820.

The messaging client 104 can similarly present a third visual indicator 840 that includes images and/or text representing menu items available at the restaurant or venue corresponding to the venue interface 800. The menu items can be obtained from a menu items application and provided as a menu items fragment for presentation in the venue interface 800, The messaging client 104 can similarly present a fourth visual indicator 850 that includes images and/or text representing reviews corresponding to the restaurant or venue corresponding to the venue interface 800. The reviews can be obtained from a restaurant reviews application and provided as a restaurant reviews fragment for presentation in the venue interface 800.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart of a process 900 performed by he web-based application fragment system 224, in accordance with some example examples. Although the flowchart can describe the operations as a sequential process, many of the operations can be performed in parallel or concurrently, In addition, the order of the operations may be re-arranged. A process is terminated when its operations are completed. A process may correspond to a method, a procedure, and the like. The steps of methods may be performed in whole or in part, may be performed in conjunction with some or all of the steps in other methods, and may be performed by any number of different systems or any portion thereof, such as a processor included in any of the systems.

At operation 901, the web-based application fragment system 224 (e.g., a client device 102 or a server) receives, by a messaging application implemented on a client device, a request to access a page of the messaging application, as discussed above. For example, the page access module 510 receives input from a user that navigates to a venue profile page or to a map page or any other page that can be provided by the messaging client 104.

At operation 902, the web-based application fragment system 224 identifies a first web-based application that is linked to the page of the messaging application, as discussed above. For example, the page access module 510 accesses a template of the page being displayed and identifies one or more application fragments associated with or indicated on the template.

At operation 903, the web-based application fragment system 224 obtains a first application fragment corresponding to the first web-based application that is linked to the page of the messaging application, as discussed above. For example, the page access module 510 communicates with the web-based application module 520 to obtain one or more application fragments corresponding to each web-based application that is identified on the template.

At operation 904, the web-based application fragment system 224 identifies a data field of the first application fragment that corresponds to information being presented on the page of the messaging application, as discussed above. For example, the page access module 510 can determine that an application fragment includes a data field that represents a reservation time when the page being displayed corresponds to a venue profile page. The application fragment can also specify one or more parameters or attributes of the page being viewed that are needed to populate the data field.

At operation 905, the web-based application fragment system 224 populates the data field of the first application fragment by sending a message from the messaging application to the first web-based application, the message comprising a request for content corresponding to the information presented on the page of the messaging application, as discussed above. For example, the application fragment selection module 530 obtains the parameters or attributes of the page being viewed and communicates a request to the web-based application to retrieve the information for populating the data field based on the parameters or attributes of the page being viewed.

At operation 906, the web-based application fragment system 224 adds, to the page of the messaging application, a visual representation of the first application fragment comprising the populated data field, as discussed above. For example, the application fragment display module 540 renders a display that includes a visual identifier (e.g., an icon or marker) that represents the web-based application fragment and that includes the populated data field (e.g., the available reservation times at the restaurant).

Machine Architecture

FIG. 10 is a diagrammatic representation of the machine 1000 within which instructions 1008 (e.g., software, a program, an application, an applet, an app, or other executable code) for causing the machine 1000 to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein may be executed. For example, the instructions 1008 may cause the machine 1000 to execute any one or more of the methods described herein. The instructions 1008 transform the general, non-programmed machine 1000 into a particular machine 1000 programmed to carry out the described and illustrated functions in the manner described. The machine 1000 may operate as a standalone device or may be coupled (e.g., networked) to other machines. In a networked deployment, the machine 1000 may operate in the capacity of a server machine or a client machine in a server-client network environment, or as a peer machine in a peer-to-peer (or distributed) network environment. The machine 1000 may comprise, but not be limited to, a server computer, a client computer, a personal computer (PC), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a netbook, a set-top box (STB), a personal digital assistant (PDA), an entertainment media system, a cellular telephone, a smartphone, a mobile device, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch), a smart home device (e.g., a smart appliance), other smart devices, a web appliance, a network router, a network switch, a network bridge, or any machine capable of executing the instructions 1008, sequentially or otherwise, that specify actions to be taken by the machine 1000. Further, while only a single machine 1000 is illustrated, the term “machine” shall also be taken to include a collection of machines that individually or jointly execute the instructions 1008 to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein. The machine 1000, for example, may comprise the client device 102 or any one of a number of server devices forming part of the messaging server system 108. In some examples, the machine 1000 may also comprise both client and server systems, with certain operations of a particular method or algorithm being performed on the server-side and with certain operations of the particular method or algorithm being performed on the client-side.

The machine 1000 may include processors 1002, memory 1004, and input/output (I/O) components 1038, which may be configured to communicate with each other via a bus 1040. In an example, the processors 1002 (e.g., a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) Processor, a Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC) Processor, a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuit (RFIC), another processor, or any suitable combination thereof) may include, for example, a processor 1006 and a processor 1010 that execute the instructions 1008. The term “processor” is intended to include multi-core processors that may comprise two or more independent processors (sometimes referred to as “cores”) that may execute instructions contemporaneously. Although FIG. 10 shows multiple processors 1002, the machine 1000 may include a single processor with a single-core, a single processor with multiple cores (e.g., a multi-core processor), multiple processors with a single core, multiple processors with multiples cores, or any combination thereof.

The memory 1004 includes a main memory 1012, a static memory 1014, and a storage unit 1016, all accessible to the processors 1002 via the bus 1040. The main memory 1004, the static memory 1014, and the storage unit 1016 store the instructions 1008 embodying any one or more of the methodologies or functions described herein. The instructions 1008 may also reside, completely or partially, within the main memory 1012, within the static memory 1014, within machine-readable medium within the storage unit 1016, within at least one of the processors 1002 (e.g., within the processor's cache memory), or any suitable combination thereof, during execution thereof by the machine 1000.

The I/O components 1038 may include a wide variety of components to receive input, provide output, produce output, transmit information, exchange information, capture measurements, and so on. The specific I/O components 1038 that are included in a particular machine will depend on the type of machine. For example, portable machines such as mobile phones may include a touch input device or other such input mechanisms, while a headless server machine will likely not include such a touch input device. It will be appreciated that the I/O components 1038 may include many other components that are not shown in FIG. 10 . In various examples, the I/O components 1038 may include user output components 1024 and user input components 1026. The user output components 1024 may include visual components (e.g., a display such as a plasma display panel (PDP), a light-emitting diode (LED) display, a liquid crystal display (LCD), a projector, or a cathode ray tube (CRT)), acoustic components (e.g., speakers), haptic components (e.g., a vibratory motor, resistance mechanisms), other signal generators, and so forth. The user input components 1026 may include alphanumeric input components (e.g., a keyboard, a touch screen configured to receive alphanumeric input, a photo-optical keyboard, or other alphanumeric input components), point-based input components (e.g., a mouse, a touchpad, a trackball, a joystick, a motion sensor, or another pointing instrument), tactile input components (e.g., a physical button, a touch screen that provides location and force of touches or touch gestures, or other tactile input components), audio input components (e.g., a microphone), and the like.

In further examples, the I/O components 1038 may include biometric components 1028, motion components 1030, environmental components 1032, or position components 1034, among a wide array of other components. For example, the biometric components 1028 include components to detect expressions (e.g., hand expressions, facial expressions, vocal expressions, body gestures, or eye-tracking), measure biosignals (e.g., blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, perspiration, or brain waves), identify a person (e.g., voice identification, retinal identification, facial identification, fingerprint identification, or electroencephalogram-based identification), and the like. The motion components 1030 include acceleration sensor components (e.g., accelerometer), gravitation sensor components, and rotation sensor components (e.g., gyroscope).

The environmental components 1032 include, for example, one or more cameras (with still image/photograph and video capabilities), illumination sensor components (e.g., photometer), temperature sensor components (e.g., one or more thermometers that detect ambient temperature), humidity sensor components, pressure sensor components (e.g., barometer), acoustic sensor components (e.g., one or more microphones that detect background noise), proximity sensor components (e.g., infrared sensors that detect nearby objects), gas sensors (e.g., gas detection sensors to detection concentrations of hazardous gases for safety or to measure pollutants in the atmosphere), or other components that may provide indications, measurements, or signals corresponding to a surrounding physical environment.

With respect to cameras, the client device 102 may have a camera system comprising, for example, front cameras on a front surface of the client device 102 and rear cameras on a rear surface of the client device 102. The front cameras may, for example, be used to capture still images and video of a user of the client device 102 (e.g., “selfies”), which may then be augmented with augmentation data (e.g., filters) described above. The rear cameras may, for example, be used to capture still images and videos in a more traditional camera mode, with these images similarly being augmented with augmentation data. In addition to front and rear cameras, the client device 102 may also include a 360° camera for capturing 360° photographs and videos.

Further, the camera system of a client device 102 may include dual rear cameras (e.g., a primary camera as well as a depth-sensing camera), or even triple, quad, or penta rear camera configurations on the front and rear sides of the client device 102, These multiple cameras systems may include a wide camera, an ultra-wide camera, a telephoto camera, a macro camera, and a depth sensor, for example.

The position components 1034 include location sensor components (e.g., a GPS receiver component), altitude sensor components (e.g., altimeters or barometers that detect air pressure from which altitude may be derived), orientation sensor components (e.g., magnetometers), and the like.

Communication may be implemented using a wide variety of technologies. The I/O components 1038 further include communication components 1036 operable to couple the machine 1000 to a network 1020 or devices 1022 via respective coupling or connections. For example, the communication components 1036 may include a network interface component or another suitable device to interface with the network 1020. In further examples, the communication components 1036 may include wired communication components, wireless communication components, cellular communication components, Near Field Communication (NFC) components, Bluetooth® components (e.g., Bluetooth®Low Energy), Wi-Fi® components, and other communication components to provide communication via other modalities. The devices 1022 may be another machine or any of a wide variety of peripheral devices (e.g., a peripheral device coupled via a USB).

Moreover, the communication components 1036 may detect identifiers or include components operable to detect identifiers. For example, the communication components 1036 may include Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag reader components, NFC smart tag detection components, optical reader components (e.g., an optical sensor to detect one-dimensional bar codes such as Universal Product Code (UPC) bar code, multi-dimensional bar codes such as Quick Response (QR) code, Aztec code, Data Matrix, Dataglyph, MaxiCode, PDF417, Ultra Code, UCC RSS-2D bar code, and other optical codes), or acoustic detection components (e.g., microphones to identify tagged audio signals). In addition, a variety of information may be derived via the communication components 1036, such as location via Internet Protocol (IP) geolocation, location via Wi-Fi® signal triangulation, location via detecting an NFC beacon signal that may indicate a particular location, and so forth.

The various memories (e.g., main memory 1012, static memory 1014, and memory of the processors 1002) and storage unit 1016 may store one or more sets of instructions and data structures (e.g., software) embodying or used by any one or more of the methodologies or functions described herein. These instructions (e.g., the instructions 1008), when executed by processors 1002, cause various operations to implement the disclosed examples.

The instructions 1008 may be transmitted or received over the network 1020, using a transmission medium, via a network interface device (e.g., a network interface component included in the communication components 1036) and using any one of several well-known transfer protocols (e.g., HTTP). Similarly, the instructions 1008 may be transmitted or received using a transmission medium via a coupling (e.g., a peer-to-peer coupling) to the devices 1022.

Software Architecture

FIG. 11 is a block diagram 1100 illustrating a software architecture 1104, which can be installed on any one or more of the devices described herein. The software architecture 1104 is supported by hardware such as a machine 1102 that includes processors 1120, memory 1126, and I/O components 1138. In this example, the software architecture 1104 can be conceptualized as a stack of layers, where each layer provides a particular functionality. The software architecture 1104 includes layers such as an operating system 1112, libraries 1110, frameworks 1108, and applications 1106. Operationally, the applications 1106 invoke API calls 1150 through the software stack and receive messages 1152 in response to the API calls 1150.

The operating system 1112 manages hardware resources and provides common services. The operating system 1112 includes, for example, a kernel 1114, services 1116, and drivers 1122. The kernel 1114 acts as an abstraction layer between the hardware and the other software layers. For example, the kernel 1114 provides memory management, processor management (e.g., scheduling), component management, networking, and security settings, among other functionalities. The services 1116 can provide other common services for the other software layers. The drivers 1122 are responsible for controlling or interfacing with the underlying hardware. For instance, the drivers 1122 can include display drivers, camera drivers, BLUETOOTH® or BLUETOOTH® Low Energy drivers, flash memory drivers, serial communication drivers (e.g., USB drivers), WI-FI® drivers, audio drivers, power management drivers, and so forth.

The libraries 1110 provide a common low-level infrastructure used by applications 1106. The libraries 1110 can include system libraries 1118 (e.g., C standard library) that provide functions such as memory allocation functions, string manipulation functions, mathematic functions, and the like. In addition, the libraries 1110 can include API libraries 1124 such as media libraries (e.g., libraries to support presentation and manipulation of various media formats such as Moving Picture Experts Group-4 (MPEG4), Advanced Video Coding (H.264 or AVC), Moving Picture Experts Group Layer-3 (MP3), Advanced Audio Coding (AAC), Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) audio codec, Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG or JPG), or Portable Network Graphics (PNG)), graphics libraries (e.g., an OpenGL framework used to render in 2D and 3D in a graphic content on a display), database libraries (e.g., SQLite to provide various relational database functions), web libraries (e.g., WebKit to provide web browsing functionality), and the like. The libraries 1110 can also include a wide variety of other libraries 1128 to provide many other APIs to the applications 1106.

The frameworks 1108 provide a common high-level infrastructure that is used by the applications 1106. For example, the frameworks 1108 provide various graphical user interface functions, high-level resource management, and high-level location services. The frameworks 1108 can provide a broad spectrum of other APIs that can be used by the applications 1106, some of which may be specific to a particular operating system or platform.

In an example, the applications 1106 may include a home application 1136, a contacts application 1130, a browser application 1132, a book reader application 1134, a location application 1142, a media application 1144, a messaging application 1146, a game application 1148, and a broad assortment of other applications such as an external application 1140. The applications 1106 are programs that execute functions defined in the programs. Various programming languages can be employed to create one or more of the applications 1106, structured in a variety of manners, such as object-oriented programming languages (e.g., Objective-C, Java, or C++) or procedural programming languages (e.g., C or assembly language). In a specific example, the external application 1140 (e.g., an application developed using the ANDROID™ or IOS™ SDK by an entity other than the vendor of the particular platform) may be mobile software running on a mobile operating system such as IOS™, ANDROID™, WINDOWS® Phone, or another mobile operating system. In this example, the external application 1140 can invoke the API calls 1150 provided by the operating system 1112 to facilitate functionality described herein.

Glossary

“Carrier signal” refers to any intangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by the machine, and includes digital or analog communications signals or other intangible media to facilitate communication of such instructions. Instructions may be transmitted or received over a network using a transmission medium via a network interface device.

“Client device” refers to any machine that interfaces to a communications network to obtain resources from one or more server systems or other client devices. A client device may be, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, desktop computer, laptop, portable digital assistant (PDA), smartphone, tablet, ultrabook, netbook, laptop, multi-processor system, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, game console, set-top box, or any other communication device that a user may use to access a network.

“Communication network” refers to one or more portions of a network that may be an ad hoc network, an intranet, an extranet, a virtual private network (VPN), a local area network (LAN), a wireless LAN (WLAN), a wide area network (WAN), a wireless WAN (WWAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), the Internet, a portion of the Internet, a portion of the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), a plain old telephone service (POTS) network, a cellular telephone network, a wireless network, a Wi-Fi® network, another type of network, or a combination of two or more such networks. For example, a network or a portion of a network may include a wireless or cellular network and the coupling may he a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) connection, a Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) connection, or other types of cellular or wireless coupling. In this example, the coupling may implement any of a variety of types of data transfer technology, such as Single Carrier Radio Transmission Technology (1xRTT), Evolution-Data Optimized (EVDO) technology, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) technology, Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) technology, third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) including 3G, fourth generation wireless (4G) networks, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard, others defined by various standard-setting organizations, other long-range protocols, or other data transfer technology.

“Component” refers to a device, physical entity, or logic having boundaries defined by function or subroutine calls, branch points, APIs, or other technologies that provide for the partitioning or modularization of particular processing or control functions. Components may be combined via their interfaces with other components to carry out a machine process. A component may be a packaged functional hardware unit designed for use with other components and a part of a program that usually performs a particular function of related functions.

Components may constitute either software components (e.g., code embodied on a machine-readable medium) or hardware components. A “hardware component” is a tangible unit capable of performing certain operations and may be configured or arranged in a certain physical manner. In various examples, one or more computer systems (e.g., a standalone computer system, a client computer system, or a server computer system) or one or more hardware components of a computer system (e.g., a processor or a group of processors) may be configured by software (e.g., an application or application portion) as a hardware component that operates to perform certain operations as described herein.

A hardware component may also be implemented mechanically, electronically, or any suitable combination thereof. For example, a hardware component may include dedicated circuitry or logic that is permanently configured to perform certain operations. A hardware component may be a special-purpose processor, such as a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or an ASIC. A hardware component may also include programmable logic or circuitry that is temporarily configured by software to perform certain operations. For example, a hardware component may include software executed by a general-purpose processor or other programmable processor. Once configured by such software, hardware components become specific machines (or specific components of a machine) uniquely tailored to perform the configured functions and are no longer general-purpose processors. It will be appreciated that the decision to implement a hardware component mechanically, in dedicated and permanently configured circuitry, or in temporarily configured circuitry (e.g., configured by software), may be driven by cost and time considerations. Accordingly, the phrase “hardware component”(or “hardware-implemented component”) should be understood to encompass a tangible entity, be that an entity that is physically constructed, permanently configured (e.g., hardwired), or temporarily configured (e.g., programmed) to operate in a certain manner or to perform certain operations described herein.

Considering examples in which hardware components are temporarily configured (e.g., programmed), each of the hardware components need not be configured or instantiated at any one instance in time. For example, where a hardware component comprises a general-purpose processor configured by software to become a special-purpose processor, the general-purpose processor may be configured as respectively different special-purpose processors (e.g., comprising different hardware components) at different times. Software accordingly configures a particular processor or processors, for example, to constitute a particular hardware component at one instance of time and to constitute a different hardware component at a different instance of time.

Hardware components can provide information to, and receive information from, other hardware components. Accordingly, the described hardware components may be regarded as being communicatively coupled. Where multiple hardware components exist contemporaneously, communications may be achieved through signal transmission (e.g., over appropriate circuits and buses) between or among two or more of the hardware components. In examples in which multiple hardware components are configured or instantiated at different times, communications between such hardware components may be achieved, for example, through the storage and retrieval of information in memory structures to which the multiple hardware components have access. For example, one hardware component may perform an operation and store the output of that operation in a memory device to which it is communicatively coupled. A further hardware component may then, at a later time, access the memory device to retrieve and process the stored output. Hardware components may also initiate communications with input or output devices, and can operate on a resource (e.g., a collection of information).

The various operations of example methods described herein may be performed, at least partially, by one or more processors that are temporarily configured (e.g., by software) or permanently configured to perform the relevant operations. Whether temporarily or permanently configured, such processors may constitute processor-implemented components that operate to perform one or more operations or functions described herein. As used herein, “processor-implemented component” refers to a hardware component implemented using one or more processors. Similarly, the methods described herein may be at least partially processor-implemented, with a particular processor or processors being an example of hardware. For example, at least some of the operations of a method may be performed by one or more processors 1002 or processor-implemented components. Moreover, the one or more processors may also operate to support performance of the relevant operations in a “cloud computing” environment or as a “software as a service” (SaaS). For example, at least some of the operations may be performed by a group of computers (as examples of machines including processors), with these operations being accessible via a network (e.g., the Internet) and via one or more appropriate interfaces (e.g., an API), The performance of certain of the operations may be distributed among the processors, not only residing within a single machine, but deployed across a number of machines. In some examples, the processors or processor-implemented components may be located in a single geographic location (e.g., within a home environment, an office environment, or a server farm). In other examples, the processors or processor-implemented components may be distributed across a number of geographic locations.

“Computer-readable storage medium” refers to both machine-storage media and transmission media. Thus, the terms include both storage devices/media and carrier waves/modulated data signals. The terms “machine-readable medium,” “computer-readable medium,” and “device-readable medium” mean the same thing and may be used interchangeably in this disclosure.

“Ephemeral message” refers to a message that is accessible for a time-limited duration. An ephemeral message may be a text, an image, a video, and the like. The access time for the ephemeral message may be set by the message sender. Alternatively, the access time may be a default setting or a setting specified by the recipient. Regardless of the setting technique, the message is transitory.

“Machine storage medium” refers to a single or multiple storage devices and media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and associated caches and servers) that store executable instructions, routines, and data. The term shall accordingly be taken to include, but not be limited to, solid-state memories, and optical and magnetic media, including memory internal or external to processors. Specific examples of machine-storage media, computer-storage media and device-storage media include non-volatile memory, including by way of example semiconductor memory devices, e.g., erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), FPGA, and flash memory devices; magnetic disks such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks The terms “machine-storage medium,” “device-storage medium,” and “computer-storage medium” mean the same thing and may be used interchangeably in this disclosure. The terms “machine-storage media,” “computer-storage media,” and “device-storage media” specifically exclude carrier waves, modulated data signals, and other such media, at least some of which are covered under the term “signal medium.”

“Non-transitory computer-readable storage medium” refers to a tangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying the instructions for execution by a machine.

“Signal medium” refers to any intangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying the instructions for execution by a machine and includes digital or analog communications signals or other intangible media to facilitate communication of software or data. The term “signal medium” shall be taken to include any form of a modulated data signal, carrier wave, and so forth. The term “modulated data signal” means a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a matter as to encode information in the signal. The terms “transmission medium” and “signal medium” mean the same thing and may be used interchangeably in this disclosure.

Changes and modifications may be made to the disclosed examples without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. These and other changes or modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure, as expressed in the following claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: receiving, by a messaging application implemented on a client device, a request to access a page of the messaging application; identifying a first web-based application that is linked to the page of the messaging application; obtaining a first application fragment corresponding to the first web-based application that is linked to the page of the messaging application; identifying a data field of the first application fragment that corresponds to information being presented on the page of the messaging application; populating the data field of the first application fragment by sending a message from the messaging application to the first web-based application, the message comprising a request for content corresponding to the information presented on the page of the messaging application; and adding, to the page of the messaging application, a visual representation of the first application fragment comprising the populated data field.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the page of the messaging application comprises a map, further comprising: obtaining a map template associated with the map; and determining that the map template identifies the first web-based application as being linked to the map, wherein the data field of the first application fragment comprises a point of interest (POI), a profile page associated with the POT, or one or more media items associated with the POI.
 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising: determining that the data field is associated with location information; determining the location information based on the map being presented on the messaging application; and sending the location information to the first web-based application, wherein the request for the content identifies the data field of the first application fragment, and wherein the first web-based application obtains the content corresponding to the data field and provides the obtained content to the messaging application.
 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising: selecting, for the first application fragment, a type of visual representation from a plurality of types of visual representations; and generating the visual representation based on the selected type using the obtained content received from the first web-based application, the visual representation comprising the POI, the profile page associated with the POI, or the one or more media items associated with the POI.
 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the selected type comprises a running or navigation path along the map.
 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the selected type comprises a media item marker or icon representing the first web-based application.
 7. The method of claim 4, wherein the type is selected based on a definition of the type stored in the map template.
 8. The method of claim 4, wherein the type is selected based on a definition of the type specified in the first application fragment.
 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving input that selects the visual representation of the first application fragment; and launching the first web-based application in a new page of the messaging application in response to the input.
 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the page of the messaging application comprises a venue profile, further comprising: obtaining a venue template associated with the venue profile; and determining that the venue template identifies the first web-based application as being linked to the venue profile, wherein the data field of the first application fragment comprises a first item comprising menu information, reservation information, transportation information, reviews information, tickets information, or one or more media items associated with a location associated with the venue profile.
 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising: determining that the venue template identifies a second web-based application as being linked to the venue profile; obtaining a second application fragment corresponding to the second web-based application; and identifying a second data field of the first application fragment that corresponds to information being presented on the page of the messaging application, the second data field comprising a second item, different from the first item, the second item comprising the menu information, the reservation information, the transportation information, the reviews information, the tickets information, or the one or more media items associated with the location associated with the venue profile.
 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising: populating the second data field of the second application fragment by sending a second message from the messaging application to the second web-based application; and adding, to the page of the messaging application, a second visual representation of the second application fragment comprising the populated second data field.
 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the second visual representation of the second application fragment is displayed together with the visual representation of the first application fragment.
 14. The method of claim 10, wherein the venue profile corresponds to a restaurant, theater, stadium, or other place of business.
 15. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the request to access the page comprises: receiving input that navigates to the page of the messaging application, wherein sending the message from the messaging application to the first web-based application is performed in response to receiving the input that navigates to the page of the messaging application.
 16. The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining that a plurality of web-based applications is linked to the page of the messaging application; receiving registration information corresponding to a user profile, the registration information identifying a list of previously registered web-based applications associated with the user profile; selecting a subset of the plurality of web-based application based on the registration information that identifies the list of previously registered web-based applications, the subset comprising the first web-based application; and rendering, within the page of the messaging application, one or more visual representations of application fragments associated with the subset of the plurality of web-based applications, the one or more visual representation comprising the visual representation of the first application fragment.
 17. The method of claim 16, wherein each of the application fragments includes one or more fields that are populated based on messages exchanged between the messaging application and each of the subset of the plurality of web-based applications, the registration information comprising a list of web-based applications previously registered by one or more friends of the user.
 18. A system comprising: a processor of a client device; and a memory component having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising: receiving, by a messaging application implemented on the client device, a request to access a page of the messaging application; identifying a first web-based application that is linked to the page of the messaging application; obtaining a first application fragment corresponding to the first web based application that is linked to the page of the messaging application; identifying a data field of the first application fragment that corresponds to information being presented on the page of the messaging application; populating the data field of the first application fragment by sending a message from the messaging application to the first web-based application, the message comprising a request for content corresponding to the information presented on the page of the messaging application; and adding, to the page of the messaging application, a visual representation of the first application fragment comprising the populated data field.
 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the page of the messaging application comprises a map or a venue profile.
 20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon instructions that, when executed by a processor of a client device, cause the processor to perform operations comprising: receiving, by a messaging application implemented on the client device, a request to access a page of the messaging application; identifying a first web-based application that is linked to the page of the messaging application; obtaining a first application fragment corresponding to the first web-based application that is linked to the page of the messaging application; identifying a data field of the first application fragment that corresponds to information being presented on the page of the messaging application; populating the data field of the first application fragment by sending a message from the messaging application to the first web-based application, the message comprising a request for content corresponding to the information presented on the page of the messaging application; and adding, to the page of the messaging application, a visual representation of the first application fragment comprising the populated data field. 